‘Tip-of-the-tongue’ moments not associated with memory loss

LONDON -- The research led by the University of Birmingham has revealed that healthy older people who exercise regularly are less likely to experience a "tip-of-the-tongue" moment when it comes to remembering things.

The study, the first of its kind to investigate the relationship between aerobic fitness levels and temporary cognitive lapses, showed healthy older people who exercise regularly are less inclined to struggle to find words to express themselves.

People in a tip-of-the-tongue state have a strong conviction that they know a word, but are unable to produce it, and this phenomenon occurs more frequently as people grow older.

The Birmingham study, carried out in collaboration with the University of Agder in Norway, the University of Leuven in Belgium and King's College London, measured the occurrence of tip-of-the-tongue states in a psycholinguistic experiment.

The study saw a group of healthy adults with average ages of between 67 and 70 being compared in a "tip-of-the-tongue" language test to young people in their early 20s.

They were asked to name famous people in Britain, such as authors, politicians and actors, based on 20 questions.

The participants also underwent a static bike cycling test to quantify their ability to consume oxygen and their resulting individual aerobic fitness levels.

Lead author Dr. Katrien Segaert, of the University of Birmingham's School of Psychology, said: "Older adults free from medical diseases still experience age-related cognitive decline.

"Significantly, what we found was that the degree of decline is related to one's aerobic fitness. In our study, the higher the older adults' aerobic fitness level, the lower the probability of experiencing a tip-of-the-tongue state.

"Importantly, our results also showed that the relationship between the frequency of tip-of-the-tongue occurrences and aerobic fitness levels exists over and above the influence of a person's age and vocabulary size."

Segaert added that older adults sometimes worry that tip-of-the-tongue states indicate serious memory problems but this is a misconception

"Tip-of-the-tongue states are not associated with memory loss. In fact, older adults usually have a much larger vocabulary than young adults. Instead, tip-of-the-tongue states occur when the meaning of a word is available in our memory, but the sound form of the word can temporarily not be accessed."

She said she hoped the study would add weight to public health messages that regular exercise is important to ensure healthy ageing.

The research has been published in the latest edition of the journal, Scientific Reports. (Xinhua)

Breaking the silence on farm chemical ingestion

(PIA) -- It took an intervention from an outside group to break the silence on farm chemical ingestion in this Cordillera community.

Due to strong cultural practice in a community in Benguet where people  refused to talk about and do not know how to deal with the matter, self-ingestion of farm chemicals had taken its toll with two to three cases recorded each month, recounted Dr. Ruth S. Batani, Director of the Office of Extension Services of the Benguet State University (BSU).

But due to a community-based approach, residents were motivated to open up given the appropriate information and learning. 

They now at least know how to handle the situation and put their efforts together. Aside from the new learnings acquired, they seek spiritual guidance by incorporating cultural practice led by community elders, Batani revealed.

As a consequence, cases of  chemical ingestion which used to have two to three recorded cases per month from 2013 to 2014 went down, Batani said.

It all began when the research group from BSU, which Batani was part of, engaged with the said community in 2009. Batani said they cannot disclose the name of the area in the province due to ethical considerations.  The vegetable industry contributes much to the economic wealth of many families in the area.  

The group started with data gathering until 2010 which showed that chemical ingestion is common among 15-24 years old, 80 percent of whom were boys. 

Their research continued on through an ethnographic approach and immersed themselves in 2011 until 2013.  It was more in-depth, an investigation of the kind of culture the members of the community have, Batani added.

Due to farming pressure to produce more, parents tend to ignore the emotional needs of the children when they seek for attention or help.  

So  they go with their peers, have a drink until they engage in biting humour called “toknang” in the dialect, like parodying the power of the chemical. When they get back home, they ingest pesticides or other chemical inputs which are very accessible right in their own abode.

Batani explained that children resort to suicide to attract attention and a plea for help but not really to die, which in technical term of psychologist, is a wish to die.  Emotional relationship matters such as heartbreak, attention getting, scolding of parents, she added.

Batani presented the highlights of the findings of their study entitled “Structured Silencing and the Self Ingestion of Pesticide as a Public Health Issue” in a forum on Suicide Prevention Campaign spearheaded by a youth group, Heaven’s Touch Care Group. 

Earlier studies showed that availability of pesticides at home or at the farm contributed to the high rate of suicide in some farming communities. (EDT/SCA-PIA-CAR, Benguet)